methylene blue antidote cyanide poisoning

Amyl nitrite, sodium nitrite, and 4-dimethylaminophenol induce the formation of methemoglobin. At present, the available antidotes are amylnitrite, sodium nitrite, sodium thiosulfate, hydroxocobalamin, 4-dimethylaminophenol, and dicobalt edetate. The action mechanism of cyanide antidotes include formation of methemoglobin, production of less or notoxic complex, and sulfane sulfur supplementation. Multiple antidotes are available for cyanide poisoning. Rapid administration of antidote is crucial for life saving insevere cyanide poisoning.

Cyanide inhibits mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation by blocking mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase, which in turn results in anaerobic metabolism and depletion of adenosine triphosphate in cells. Amyl nitrite and sodium nitrite, which induce methemoglobin, should be avoided in victims of smoke inhalation because of serious adverse effects.Ībstract = 'Cyanide poisoning can occur from industrial disasters, smoke inhalation from fire, food, and multiple other sources. Based on the best evidence available, a treatment regimen of 100% oxygen and hydroxocobalamin, with or without sodium thiosulfate, is recommended for cyanide poisoning. Dicobalt edetate acts as a chelator of cyanide, forming a stable complex. Hydroxocobalamin binds cyaniderapidly and irreversibly to form cyanocobalamin. Sodium thiosulfate supplies the sulfane sulfur molecule to rhodanese, allowing formation of thiocyanate and regeneration of native enzymes.

Cyanide poisoning can occur from industrial disasters, smoke inhalation from fire, food, and multiple other sources.

Methylene blue antidote cyanide poisoning